Eight Medicines That Can Affect Your Kidneys: What You Should Know
Your kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing fluids, and regulating blood pressure. While many medications are safe when taken as directed, some can strain or damage the kidneys—especially if used frequently, at high doses, or by people with existing kidney disease.
It’s important not to stop any prescribed medication without first speaking to your healthcare provider. The benefits of a medicine often outweigh its risks when it is used appropriately and monitored.
Here are eight types of medicines that can affect kidney health.
1. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Common examples include:
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
- Diclofenac
These pain relievers can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, particularly in people who are dehydrated, older, or have kidney disease, heart failure, or liver disease.
2. Certain Antibiotics
Some antibiotics can affect the kidneys, particularly when used in high doses or for long periods.
Examples include:
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
- Vancomycin (in some situations)
Healthcare professionals may monitor kidney function during treatment with these medicines.
3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Medicines such as:
- Omeprazole
- Esomeprazole
- Pantoprazole
PPIs are effective for treating acid reflux and stomach ulcers. Rarely, long-term use has been linked to kidney inflammation and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease in some studies, although the overall risk for an individual is generally low.
4. Certain Diuretics (“Water Tablets”)
Medicines such as:
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
These medicines help remove excess fluid but can contribute to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances if not used appropriately, which may affect kidney function.
5. Lithium
Lithium is an effective treatment for some mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder. Long-term use may affect kidney function in some people, which is why regular blood tests are recommended.
6. Some Antiviral Medicines
Certain antiviral drugs, including some used to treat HIV or viral infections, may affect the kidneys in susceptible individuals. Your healthcare team may monitor kidney function during treatment if needed.
7. Some Chemotherapy Medicines
Several chemotherapy drugs can be hard on the kidneys. Oncology teams routinely monitor kidney function and adjust treatment when necessary to reduce the risk of kidney injury.
8. High-Dose Aspirin
Low-dose aspirin prescribed to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke is generally considered safe for the kidneys in most people. However, taking high doses regularly for pain relief may increase the risk of kidney problems, particularly when combined with other risk factors.
Who Is Most at Risk?
The risk of medication-related kidney problems is higher if you:
- Are over 65.
- Already have kidney disease.
- Have diabetes or high blood pressure.
- Are dehydrated.
- Take several medicines that can affect the kidneys.
- Have heart failure or liver disease.
How to Protect Your Kidneys
- Take medicines exactly as directed.
- Avoid taking more than the recommended dose.
- Stay well hydrated unless your healthcare provider has advised otherwise.
- Tell your doctor or pharmacist about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal products you use.
- Attend any recommended blood tests to monitor kidney function.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Contact a healthcare professional if you notice:
- Reduced urine output.
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, or around the eyes.
- Persistent nausea or vomiting.
- Unusual tiredness or confusion.
- Blood in your urine.
- Severe pain in your back or side.
Seek urgent medical attention if you develop severe symptoms or signs of an allergic reaction.
