Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive disease that affects the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles. Symptoms usually develop gradually and worsen over time.
Early symptoms may include:
- Muscle weakness
- Often starts in one hand, arm, leg, or foot.
- You may notice difficulty lifting objects, climbing stairs, or tripping more often.
- Muscle twitching (fasciculations)
- Small, involuntary muscle twitches, commonly in the arms, shoulders, legs, or tongue.
- Muscle cramps or stiffness
- Painful cramps or increased muscle tightness can occur early in some people.
- Difficulty with fine motor tasks
- Trouble buttoning clothes, writing, turning keys, or opening jars.
- Slurred speech
- Some people first notice changes in speech, such as words becoming less clear.
- Difficulty swallowing
- Choking or coughing while eating or drinking may develop if the muscles involved in swallowing are affected.
- Fatigue
- Muscles may tire more quickly during everyday activities.
Important context
The symptoms of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis vary from person to person. Many of these symptoms are much more commonly caused by other, less serious conditions, such as nerve compression, vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disorders, or other neurological diseases.
There is no single symptom that confirms ALS. Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination and tests such as electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies, imaging, and blood tests to rule out other conditions.
When to seek medical evaluation
If you experience persistent or progressive muscle weakness, ongoing difficulty speaking or swallowing, or repeated falls, it’s important to see a healthcare professional promptly. Early evaluation can help identify the cause and ensure appropriate treatment or support.
While there is currently no cure for ALS, early diagnosis can help people access treatments, rehabilitation, and supportive care that may improve quality of life and help manage symptoms.
