Here are eight types of medications that are known to have the potential to damage the kidneys or increase the risk of kidney problems in some people.
1. NSAID Pain Relievers
Examples:
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
- Aspirin (especially at higher doses)
Long-term or frequent use can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, particularly in older adults and people with kidney disease, heart failure, or dehydration.
2. Certain Antibiotics
Some antibiotics can stress the kidneys or cause inflammation in kidney tissue, especially at high doses or when kidney function is already impaired. Examples include certain aminoglycosides and other antibiotics that require kidney dosing adjustments.
3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Examples:
- Omeprazole
- Lansoprazole
These heartburn medications are generally safe when used appropriately, but long-term use has been linked to certain kidney problems in some studies.
4. Lithium
Lithium is an effective treatment for some mental health conditions, but prolonged use may affect kidney function and requires regular monitoring.
5. Diuretics (“Water Pills”)
These medications help remove excess fluid from the body. If they cause significant dehydration or are used in certain combinations, they may contribute to kidney injury.
6. Some Blood Pressure Medications
Examples include ACE inhibitors and ARBs. These medicines often protect the kidneys, especially in people with diabetes and high blood pressure, but under certain circumstances—such as dehydration or combination with NSAIDs—they can contribute to acute kidney injury. Do not stop them without medical advice.
7. Sodium Phosphate Laxatives
Some bowel-cleansing and laxative products containing sodium phosphate have been linked to kidney injury, particularly in older adults and those with pre-existing kidney disease.
8. Certain Supplements and Herbal Products
Some herbal remedies and dietary supplements can affect kidney function or interact with medications. “Natural” does not always mean safe.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Your risk is higher if you:
- Already have kidney disease
- Have diabetes
- Have high blood pressure
- Are over age 65
- Are dehydrated
- Take multiple medications that affect the kidneys at the same time
Warning Signs of Kidney Problems
Contact a healthcare professional if you develop:
- Swelling in the legs or ankles
- Reduced urination
- Persistent nausea
- Unusual fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Unexplained confusion
Final Thoughts
The message isn’t that these medications should never be taken. Many of them save lives and improve health. The key is using them appropriately, following dosing instructions, staying hydrated when appropriate, and having kidney function monitored when necessary. Never stop a prescribed medication without discussing it with your healthcare provider first.
