9 Warning Signs of Kidney Problems & Tests That Help Protect Kidney Function
The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develops slowly and may have few symptoms early on, so regular testing is important—especially for people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.
1. Changes in urination
Possible signs include:
- Urinating much more or less than usual
- Waking up frequently at night to urinate
- Foamy urine (which can be linked to protein in urine)
- Blood in urine
2. Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or around the eyes
When kidneys do not remove enough fluid, it can build up and cause swelling.
3. Persistent fatigue or weakness
A buildup of waste products or anemia related to kidney disease may contribute to tiredness.
4. Shortness of breath
Fluid buildup or anemia can sometimes affect breathing.
5. Nausea, poor appetite, or unusual taste in the mouth
Waste buildup in advanced kidney disease can cause digestive symptoms.
6. Itchy skin or dry skin
Kidney problems can affect mineral balance and contribute to itching.
7. Trouble sleeping or muscle cramps
Changes in fluid and mineral levels may affect muscles and sleep.
8. High blood pressure
Kidney disease and high blood pressure are closely connected—each can worsen the other.
9. Trouble concentrating or confusion
More advanced kidney problems can affect how a person feels mentally.
Tests that check kidney health
🩸 Blood test: eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate)
- Measures how well the kidneys filter blood.
- Lower values may indicate reduced kidney function.
🧪 Urine test: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)
- Detects small amounts of protein leakage that may signal kidney damage.
🩺 Blood pressure check
- High blood pressure is a major risk factor for kidney damage.
