A vagina can have a natural scent, and it’s normal for it to change during the menstrual cycle, after exercise, or after sex. A strong, unpleasant, or “bad” smell can sometimes signal a change in the vaginal environment. Four common reasons include:
- Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
- An imbalance of normal vaginal bacteria can cause a fishy odor, often more noticeable after sex or during menstruation.
- It may also come with thin grayish or white discharge.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Some infections, such as trichomoniasis, can cause a strong odor along with unusual discharge, itching, burning, or irritation. Testing is needed to know for sure.
- Sweat, moisture, or hygiene factors
- The vulva (the external area) has sweat glands, and tight clothing, prolonged moisture, or not changing after exercise can contribute to odor.
- Washing the outside area gently with water or mild unscented soap is usually enough; avoid douching, which can disturb normal bacteria.
- A retained tampon or other foreign object
- A forgotten tampon can cause a very strong, unpleasant smell and may be associated with unusual discharge or discomfort. It should be removed promptly.
Seek medical advice if the smell is new, very strong, persistent, or comes with pain, itching, burning, bleeding, fever, pelvic pain, or unusual discharge, because treatment depends on the cause.
