Brittle or fragile nails can sometimes be a clue that something is affecting your body, but they are also very common from everyday causes like frequent water exposure, harsh soaps, or nail products. Nails grow slowly, so changes often reflect what has happened over the previous few months.
Possible reasons for brittle nails include:
- Dryness and environmental damage
- Frequent handwashing, detergents, cleaning chemicals, cold weather, or repeated wet–dry cycles can make nails split or peel.
- Nutrient deficiencies
- Low levels of certain nutrients may contribute to weak nails, including:
- Iron (especially with anemia)
- Protein
- Zinc
- Vitamin B12 or folate (in some cases)
- Low levels of certain nutrients may contribute to weak nails, including:
- Thyroid problems
- An underactive or overactive thyroid can sometimes cause nail changes, along with symptoms such as fatigue, weight changes, feeling unusually cold or hot, or changes in hair and skin.
- Aging
- Nails often become thinner, drier, and more fragile with age.
- Skin conditions
- Conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or fungal nail infections can affect nail strength and appearance.
- Certain medications or medical treatments
- Some medicines and treatments can alter nail growth or texture.
Helpful nail-care steps:
- Use a moisturizer or cuticle oil regularly.
- Wear gloves when using cleaning products or soaking hands in water.
- Avoid harsh nail removers and excessive buffing.
- Keep nails trimmed and avoid using them as tools.
- Eat enough protein and a balanced diet.
Consider seeing a healthcare professional if brittle nails are sudden, severe, affecting many nails, associated with pain or nail discoloration, causing nails to separate from the skin, or accompanied by symptoms like unexplained fatigue, weight changes, or hair loss. They may recommend tests such as iron studies or thyroid testing if appropriate.
