An itchy scalp is common and can have many different causes. The treatment depends on what’s causing the itch.
Here are some of the most common causes:
- Dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis)
- Often causes white or yellow flakes, itching, and redness.
- May improve with shampoos containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar.
- Dry scalp
- Can result from cold weather, low humidity, frequent washing, or harsh hair products.
- Using a gentle shampoo and moisturizing conditioner may help.
- Contact dermatitis
- An allergic or irritating reaction to hair dye, shampoo, conditioner, styling products, or fragrances.
- The scalp may become itchy, red, or develop a rash.
- Head lice
- Causes intense itching, especially behind the ears and at the back of the neck.
- Tiny lice or their eggs (nits) may be visible on the hair.
- Psoriasis
- Can produce thick, silvery scales and well-defined red patches that may extend beyond the hairline.
- Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
- May cause itchy, inflamed skin on the scalp and elsewhere on the body.
- Fungal infection (ringworm of the scalp)
- More common in children.
- Can cause itchy, scaly patches and hair loss in affected areas.
- Requires prescription antifungal medication.
- Folliculitis
- Inflammation or infection of hair follicles, often causing small, tender or itchy bumps.
Self-care tips
- Wash with a gentle shampoo and avoid scratching, which can worsen irritation or lead to infection.
- If dandruff is the cause, try an over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoo as directed.
- Avoid new hair products if you suspect they’re causing irritation.
- Keep the scalp clean, but don’t overwash if dryness is the issue.
When to seek medical care
See a healthcare professional if:
- The itching lasts more than a few weeks despite self-care.
- You have severe redness, swelling, pain, or pus.
- You’re losing patches of hair.
- You suspect head lice or a fungal infection.
- The itching is severe enough to disrupt sleep or daily activities.
A clinician can examine your scalp and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause.
