Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiency You Shouldn’t Ignore
Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop gradually, and neurological symptoms can occur even without anemia. If left untreated for too long, some nerve damage may become permanent.
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Office of Dietary Supplements
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Watch for:
Persistent fatigue or weakness — especially when it’s unexplained.
Tingling or numbness — particularly in the hands or feet.
Balance or walking problems — including feeling unsteady or having frequent falls.
Memory or concentration problems — sometimes described as “brain fog.”
Mood changes — including irritability, depression, or, in severe cases, confusion or other mental changes.
Pale skin or shortness of breath — possible signs of B12-related anemia.
A sore, smooth, or unusually red tongue or mouth problems.
Vision problems — B12 deficiency can sometimes affect the optic nerve.
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NHLBI, NIH
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Who is at higher risk?
Risk is higher with strict vegan diets, problems absorbing B12, pernicious anemia, certain stomach or intestinal surgeries, and long-term use of medications such as metformin or some acid-reducing medicines.
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NHLBI, NIH
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How is it confirmed?
Symptoms alone aren’t enough. A healthcare professional can check vitamin B12 with blood testing, and if the result is borderline, methylmalonic acid (MMA) can help clarify whether a true deficiency is present.
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Office of Dietary Supplements
If you have new numbness, difficulty walking, significant weakness, or cognitive changes, don’t simply assume it’s aging. B12 deficiency is treatable, and early treatment is important when neurological symptoms are present.
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Office of Dietary Supplements
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