1. Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining healthy nerves. A deficiency can damage the protective covering around nerves, causing:
- Pins-and-needles sensations
- Numbness
- Burning or unusual sensations in the hands, feet, or legs
2. Extreme fatigue and weakness
Low B12 levels can reduce the body’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia. Symptoms may include:
- Persistent tiredness
- Weakness
- Shortness of breath with exertion
- Reduced stamina
3. Memory problems and difficulty concentrating
Some people experience neurological and cognitive symptoms such as:
- Forgetfulness
- Trouble focusing
- Mental “fog”
- Confusion
In severe or prolonged cases, these symptoms can become more significant.
4. Balance problems and difficulty walking
Because B12 deficiency can affect the nervous system, it may lead to:
- Unsteady walking
- Poor balance
- Increased risk of falls
- Coordination difficulties
Other possible signs
- A sore, red, or swollen tongue
- Pale or slightly yellowish skin
- Heart palpitations
- Mood changes, including irritability or depression
Who is at higher risk?
People at increased risk include:
- Older adults
- Vegans and strict vegetarians who do not supplement B12
- Individuals with digestive disorders such as Crohn’s Disease or Celiac Disease
- People who have had certain stomach or intestinal surgeries
- Those taking some long-term medications that can affect B12 absorption
When to seek medical advice
If you have symptoms suggestive of B12 deficiency, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. A blood test can usually determine whether your B12 level is low. Early diagnosis and treatment are important because some nerve-related complications can become permanent if the deficiency persists for too long.
Common treatment options include dietary changes, oral supplements, or B12 injections, depending on the cause and severity of the deficiency.
