Many medications can affect the kidneys, especially when taken in high doses, for long periods, or by people who already have kidney disease. Here are eight commonly discussed categories of medications that can potentially damage the kidneys:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Diclofenac.
- Some antibiotics, including certain aminoglycosides and other kidney-toxic antibiotics when used in specific situations.
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used for acid reflux, such as Omeprazole, which have been associated with kidney problems in some patients.
- Diuretics (“water pills”), which can contribute to dehydration and kidney injury if not used appropriately.
- Certain antiviral medications, particularly at high doses or in susceptible individuals.
- Some chemotherapy drugs, which may be directly toxic to the kidneys.
- Lithium, a medication used for certain mental health conditions, which can affect kidney function with long-term use.
- Some herbal supplements and over-the-counter products that contain potentially kidney-toxic ingredients.
A few important points:
- These medications are not necessarily unsafe. Many people take them without kidney problems when they are used correctly and monitored appropriately.
- The risk is higher in older adults, people with existing kidney disease, diabetes, heart failure, dehydration, or those taking multiple medications that affect the kidneys.
- Never stop a prescribed medication without discussing it with the prescribing clinician.
If you’re concerned about a specific medication, tell me its name, your age, and whether you have any kidney disease, and I can explain the risks in more detail.
