The headline “Eight pills you shouldn’t take because they damage your kidneys” is misleading. Many medications can affect the kidneys, but they are often safe and beneficial when used as directed and appropriately monitored. The risk depends on factors such as dose, duration, age, hydration, existing kidney disease, and other medications.
Here are eight types of medications that can affect kidney function or increase the risk of kidney injury:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Examples: ibuprofen, naproxen.
- Long-term use or use during dehydration can increase the risk of kidney injury, especially in older adults or those with kidney disease.
- Certain antibiotics
- Examples: gentamicin, tobramycin, vancomycin.
- Some antibiotics can be toxic to the kidneys, particularly at high doses or without appropriate monitoring.
- Certain antiviral medications
- Examples: acyclovir, tenofovir.
- Some antivirals may affect kidney function and may require dose adjustments.
- Diuretics (“water pills”)
- Examples: furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide.
- These medications can contribute to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, which may affect the kidneys if not managed properly.
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
- Examples: omeprazole, pantoprazole.
- Rarely, PPIs can cause inflammation of the kidneys (acute interstitial nephritis). Some studies have also found an association with chronic kidney disease, but this does not prove they directly cause it.
- Lithium
- Used to treat certain mental health conditions.
- Long-term use can affect kidney function, so regular blood tests are recommended.
- Calcineurin inhibitors
- Examples: cyclosporine, tacrolimus.
- These immunosuppressants can affect kidney function and require careful monitoring.
- Certain chemotherapy drugs
- Examples: cisplatin, methotrexate (at higher doses).
- Some cancer treatments can damage the kidneys, which is why kidney function is monitored closely during treatment.
How to reduce your risk
- Take medications exactly as prescribed.
- Stay adequately hydrated unless your healthcare provider has advised otherwise.
- Avoid taking multiple NSAIDs at the same time.
- Tell your healthcare provider about all prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements you use.
- If you have chronic kidney disease, ask whether any medication doses need to be adjusted.
Do not stop a prescribed medication because of a headline or social media post. If you’re concerned that one of your medications could affect your kidneys, discuss it with your healthcare provider or pharmacist, who can weigh the risks and benefits based on your individual health.
