In BPPV, small calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) become dislodged from their normal location in the inner ear and move into a semicircular canal. Certain head movements then trigger brief episodes of vertigo.
How it’s treated
The most effective treatment is repositioning maneuvers, which guide the crystals back to where they belong. These include:
- The Epley maneuver, commonly used for the most frequent type of BPPV.
- Other maneuvers, such as the Semont or Barbecue Roll maneuver, depending on which ear and canal are affected.
A healthcare professional can determine which maneuver is appropriate because using the wrong one may not help.
Can you do the Epley maneuver at home?
Some people can perform it safely at home after receiving a diagnosis and being shown the correct technique. However, you should not attempt it without guidance if you have:
- A neck or back injury.
- Severe arthritis affecting your neck.
- Certain blood vessel disorders.
- Recent eye or ear surgery.
Other ways to reduce vertigo
- Move your head slowly while symptoms are active.
- Stay hydrated.
- Resume normal activities gradually, as tolerated.
- If symptoms persist, a healthcare professional may recommend vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
When to seek urgent medical care
BPPV usually causes brief vertigo triggered by head movements and does not typically cause:
- Weakness or numbness.
- Difficulty speaking.
- Double vision.
- Severe headache.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Persistent dizziness lasting hours without relief.
If you have any of those symptoms, seek emergency medical care because they could indicate a more serious condition, such as a stroke.
If your dizziness lasts more than a few weeks, keeps returning, or you’re unsure whether it’s BPPV, it’s a good idea to see a healthcare professional or an ear, nose, and throat specialist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
