Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and recorded as two numbers:
- Systolic pressure (top number): pressure when the heart beats
- Diastolic pressure (bottom number): pressure when the heart rests between beats
For example: 120/80 mmHg
Blood Pressure Categories for Adults
Current guidelines generally define:
| Category | Blood Pressure |
|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120/80 mmHg |
| Elevated | 120–129 and less than 80 mmHg |
| High Blood Pressure (Stage 1) | 130–139 or 80–89 mmHg |
| High Blood Pressure (Stage 2) | 140/90 mmHg or higher |
| Hypertensive Crisis | Higher than 180/120 mmHg |
Typical Blood Pressure by Age
These ranges are approximate and can vary between individuals.
Infants (0–12 months)
- Typical: 70–100 / 50–65 mmHg
Toddlers (1–5 years)
- Typical: 90–105 / 55–70 mmHg
Children (6–13 years)
- Typical: 95–110 / 60–75 mmHg
Teenagers (14–18 years)
- Typical: 105–120 / 65–80 mmHg
Adults (18–39 years)
- Ideal: Below 120/80 mmHg
Adults (40–59 years)
- Ideal: Below 120/80 mmHg
- Slight increases become more common, but higher readings are not considered “normal” simply because of age.
Older Adults (60+ years)
- Ideal: Below 120/80 mmHg
- Many older adults have higher systolic readings due to stiffening arteries, but persistent elevations still warrant medical attention.
Why Blood Pressure Often Increases With Age
Several factors contribute to age-related increases:
- Reduced elasticity of blood vessels
- Weight gain
- Reduced physical activity
- High-sodium diets
- Chronic conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes
Signs of High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is often called a “silent condition” because many people have no symptoms.
In some cases, severe elevations may cause:
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Vision changes
Signs of Low Blood Pressure
Low blood pressure (typically below 90/60 mmHg) may cause:
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Blurred vision
- Fatigue
Tips for Maintaining Healthy Blood Pressure
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- Reduce excess salt intake
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid smoking
- Limit excessive alcohol consumption
- Manage stress
- Follow your doctor’s recommendations
Final Thoughts
For most adults, a blood pressure reading below 120/80 mmHg is considered healthy regardless of age. While blood pressure often rises as people get older, higher readings should not be dismissed as a normal part of aging. Regular monitoring and healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications.
