Here are eight medication categories that deserve attention:
1. Anticholinergic medications
These drugs block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays an important role in memory and learning.
Examples include some:
- Allergy medications
- Bladder control medicines
- Certain antidepressants
- Some medicines for dizziness or nausea
Possible effects:
- Confusion
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Trouble concentrating
Long-term use of some strong anticholinergic medicines has been associated with increased dementia risk in observational studies.
2. Benzodiazepines (some anxiety and sleep medicines)
Examples include medicines used for:
- Anxiety
- Panic disorders
- Insomnia
Possible effects:
- Drowsiness
- Slower reaction time
- Memory difficulties
- Increased risk of falls
Older adults are often more sensitive to these effects.
3. Opioid pain medications
Used for moderate to severe pain.
Possible effects:
- Sleepiness
- Confusion
- Reduced alertness
- Problems with concentration
Risk can increase with higher doses or when combined with other sedating medicines.
4. Some sleep medications
Certain prescription sleep aids may affect:
- Memory
- Balance
- Mental alertness
Older adults may be more vulnerable to next-day confusion or falls.
5. Some antipsychotic medications
These medicines may be prescribed for certain psychiatric conditions and, in some cases, severe behavioral symptoms.
Possible effects:
- Sedation
- Slower thinking
- Increased health risks in some older adults with dementia
They should be used carefully and under medical supervision.
6. Corticosteroids (steroid medicines)
Used for inflammation, allergies, autoimmune conditions, and other illnesses.
Possible effects in some people:
- Mood changes
- Sleep disruption
- Confusion
- Difficulty concentrating
7. Some seizure medications
Antiepileptic drugs can sometimes cause:
- Drowsiness
- Slowed thinking
- Memory problems
The effects vary depending on the specific medicine and dose.
8. Certain medications that lower blood pressure or cause sedation
Some medicines can contribute to:
- Dizziness
- Reduced alertness
- Confusion, especially if blood pressure becomes too low
Important: Do not stop medications suddenly
If you are concerned about a medicine, do not stop taking it without medical advice. Abruptly stopping some drugs can be dangerous. A healthcare professional can review your medications and decide whether a safer alternative or dose adjustment is appropriate.
Ways to protect brain health
- Review your medication list regularly with a healthcare professional.
- Avoid combining multiple medicines that cause sleepiness unless advised.
- Stay physically active.
- Manage blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol.
- Maintain social and mental activity.
- Get adequate sleep.
If you share the names of the medications you or a family member take, I can help explain whether any are known to affect memory or alertness.
