Ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin are widely used pain relievers, but they can cause serious side effects in some people, especially with high doses, long-term use, or certain health conditions. These medicines belong to a group called NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), except aspirin has additional effects on blood clotting.
Possible serious side effects to know:
- Stomach bleeding or ulcers
- Warning signs include black/tarry stools, vomiting blood, severe stomach pain, or unusual weakness.
- Risk is higher in older adults and people with a history of ulcers.
- Kidney problems
- NSAIDs can reduce blood flow to the kidneys in some people.
- Risk is higher with kidney disease, dehydration, or certain blood pressure medicines.
- Heart and blood vessel risks
- Some NSAIDs may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, especially at higher doses or with long-term use.
- People with heart disease should discuss use with a healthcare professional.
- Allergic reactions
- Some people may develop hives, swelling, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
- Bleeding risk (especially with aspirin)
- Aspirin can make blood less likely to clot, which is why some people take it for specific heart-related reasons—but it is not appropriate for everyone.
Safer use tips:
- Follow the label or your doctor’s instructions.
- Avoid taking multiple NSAIDs together (for example, ibuprofen plus naproxen) unless specifically advised.
- Avoid or limit alcohol while using these medicines because it can increase stomach bleeding risk.
- Ask a healthcare professional before use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcers, heart disease, take blood thinners, or are pregnant.
Do not stop prescribed aspirin or any medication without medical advice, especially if it was prescribed for heart or stroke prevention.
